WEBVTT

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Hello everyone.  I'm

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Allison Chinchar

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instead of Koya Weir, and

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you're watching CNN 10.

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Today is Monday,

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September 21st.  Let's move on to the

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news.  Let's start with

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South Africa, where

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officials

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are trying

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to address a problem

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at the intersection of

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public safety

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and conservation.

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Packs of baboons are

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roaming

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Cape Town neighborhoods, damaging

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property and making

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residents fear for

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their safety.

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CNN's Larry Madowo explains the

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controversial plan

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to solve this

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problem.

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Cape Town residents are

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increasingly

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paying attention to the

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controversy over

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baboons and what

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to do with them.  Packs of

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baboons roam

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the streets, looting

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houses and annoying

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residents.  These Chakma baboons

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are the largest

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species of monkey in South

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Africa.  And as

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the city expands, the

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conflict between

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baboons and

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residents intensifies

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.  Now the city has a plan to

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solve this

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primate problem.

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To permanently imprison

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about 60 animals in

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cages as

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an alternative to

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shooting.

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And we are faced with

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two very difficult

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decisions.  We can

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either shoot the

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packs, which is perhaps an

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ecological solution

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, or find a place where

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we can create an

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urban wildlife center

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and allow

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these animals to live there

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in proper conditions.

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But this plan has sparked

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protests and fierce

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debate.  Should we

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imprison baboons

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that have adapted to

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city life?

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Should humans find a

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way to coexist

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with them?  Sue Ann Norton

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says she regularly

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feeds fruit to the

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baboons that

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come to her house.    Are

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n't they dangerous?

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They treat

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you the way you

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treat them.

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If you treat

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them with anger and force,

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they respond with

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force.  If you

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treat them like

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pets,

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like cats or dogs,

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like I do, then we live in

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harmony.

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City officials say the

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baboons will be better off

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if they are confined to a confined

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space.

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These are no longer wild

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baboons.  They live

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in an urban area, and what

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they're going to get, whether

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we like it or

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not, is a better life

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for 30 years.

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Animal rights groups say the

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root of the problem is not

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baboons, but

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urbanization.  They

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argue that

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residents should better

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protect their

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homes, trash

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cans, and block

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access to food.

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If you live in an

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area where there is

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wildlife, you have to

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coexist with it.

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As residents

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take to the streets in

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protest, the fight

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for

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Cape Town's baboons boils down

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to one question.

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Can humans and

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wildlife share the city,

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or will one have to

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give way to the other?

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Activists in Kathmandu,

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Nepal, held a

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silent

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protest and lit

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candles this weekend, demanding

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stronger action from the world

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on climate change.

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The country is still

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recovering from the

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collapse of a glacier

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in late August, which

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caused

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catastrophic flooding

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.  It claimed the lives of

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over 1,300 people, with thousands more

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missing.

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During the event,

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activists honored

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the memory of the victims.  One of

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the demonstrators

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spoke about the reasons

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why he decided to

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participate.

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This is not a protest.  We are

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silently trying

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to draw the attention of

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the crowd and the

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public to

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climate change and

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how it is affecting

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Nepal, despite its

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meager contribution;

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Nepal emits only

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0.027% of

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global

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carbon emissions, but

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we get all the

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climate-related

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dangers.  And we,

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the youth, are here to

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express

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solidarity with

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the people who lost their

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lives in the floods

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in Rasuva-Bhotekoshi.

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Time for a 10-second

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quiz.  In which

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US state was the

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first

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fossilized skeleton of a

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Tyrannosaurus found?  Montana,

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Wyoming, South

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Dakota or New Mexico

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?  If you answered "

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Montana", raise your

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hands.  The first

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Tyrannosaurus fossil was

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discovered in 1902 in

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Montana.  In 1905, the

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dinosaur was

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officially named

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Tyrannosaurus Rex, which means

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"king-mouth-tyrant."

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For decades, scientists

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have debated whether Tyrannosaurus rex was like a

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cold-blooded lizard

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or a warm-blooded

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bird.  Now they

00:04:46.755 --> 00:04:47.752
may finally

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have an answer.

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Researchers from the

00:04:52.483 --> 00:04:53.865
University of California studied the

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chemical composition of three

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fossilized

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Tyrannosaurus teeth and

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found that the

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dinosaur's body temperature was

00:05:00.847 --> 00:05:01.839
about 36°C, which is

00:05:01.874 --> 00:05:03.150
surprisingly close to

00:05:03.186 --> 00:05:07.404
ours.  This higher

00:05:07.437 --> 00:05:08.443
body temperature

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suggests that

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Tyrannosaurus could

00:05:10.520 --> 00:05:11.202
produce and

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maintain its own

00:05:12.467 --> 00:05:13.603
heat, which helps

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explain how this

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massive predator could

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live in a

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wide variety of

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climates,

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including

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places as far north

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as modern-day Alaska.

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So, although

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tyrannosaurs disappeared

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about 66 million

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years ago, scientists

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continue

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to find new facts

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about their lives.

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Tomorrow is the autumnal equinox in the northern

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hemisphere

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, and many of us are

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noticing that Mother

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Nature is starting

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to show her talent.

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Autumn colors are becoming

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brighter, with trees

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beginning to turn

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rich shades of

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yellow, red, and

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orange.  But have

00:05:51.321 --> 00:05:52.342
you ever wondered

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why and how

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we get this

00:05:54.646 --> 00:05:55.732
colorful spectacle

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every year?  Koy and I

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went for a walk

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to discuss the science behind

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this

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dazzling spectacle.

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Autumn colors are becoming

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brighter, with trees

00:06:04.576 --> 00:06:05.660
beginning to turn

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rich shades of

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yellow, red, and

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orange.  Have you

00:06:09.293 --> 00:06:10.507
ever wondered

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why and how leaves

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change color?  Who

00:06:12.565 --> 00:06:13.646
better to ask than

00:06:13.677 --> 00:06:14.881
our CNN meteorologist

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, our

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weather wizard, Allison

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Chinchar.  Very glad to

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see you.  You have a

00:06:18.959 --> 00:06:20.022
wonderful, "

00:06:20.022 --> 00:06:20.995
autumn" look with

00:06:21.025 --> 00:06:22.307
your decor today.  Speaking

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of beauty, how do these leaves

00:06:23.647 --> 00:06:24.781
change color?  Why do

00:06:24.812 --> 00:06:25.971
they change color?

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And how do they know

00:06:27.170 --> 00:06:27.904
when to start?

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That's right, because sometimes they

00:06:28.924 --> 00:06:29.695
change a little

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later in the year than

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other times.  So, yes, there

00:06:31.783 --> 00:06:33.018
are a lot of factors here

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, Koi.  But

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the most important thing is

00:06:34.558 --> 00:06:35.122
the length of

00:06:35.150 --> 00:06:36.289
daylight.  When

00:06:36.320 --> 00:06:37.509
the days get shorter

00:06:37.541 --> 00:06:38.480
and there is

00:06:39.450 --> 00:06:40.639
less daylight left before winter, it is

00:06:40.671 --> 00:06:41.797
actually a signal for

00:06:41.829 --> 00:06:42.611
them to stop

00:06:42.642 --> 00:06:43.300
photosynthesis.

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Photosynthesis is

00:06:44.478 --> 00:06:45.557
essentially the use of

00:06:45.589 --> 00:06:46.794
sunlight to

00:06:46.826 --> 00:06:47.778
produce food and

00:06:47.810 --> 00:06:49.062
energy.  But in the winter

00:06:49.092 --> 00:06:50.076
months, this process

00:06:50.752 --> 00:06:51.922
slows down incredibly.  So

00:06:51.952 --> 00:06:52.996
trees don't die,

00:06:53.026 --> 00:06:53.653
they just

00:06:53.682 --> 00:06:54.637
go into

00:06:54.667 --> 00:06:55.055
dormancy.

00:06:55.155 --> 00:06:56.306
Why do some leaves

00:06:56.342 --> 00:06:57.673
turn red, like this one

00:06:57.709 --> 00:06:57.961
?

00:06:58.225 --> 00:06:59.568
True.  Not all trees

00:06:59.601 --> 00:07:00.791
have a special gift

00:07:00.823 --> 00:07:01.788
that allows them

00:07:01.820 --> 00:07:02.753
to acquire such a

00:07:02.785 --> 00:07:04.469
beautiful color.

00:07:04.501 --> 00:07:05.718
Essentially, inside them there is a

00:07:05.750 --> 00:07:06.454
substance

00:07:06.486 --> 00:07:07.735
called anthocyanin

00:07:07.735 --> 00:07:08.760
, which allows these

00:07:08.792 --> 00:07:09.849
trees, when they

00:07:09.881 --> 00:07:10.650
slow down

00:07:10.682 --> 00:07:11.771
photosynthesis in winter,

00:07:11.803 --> 00:07:12.667
to acquire this

00:07:12.699 --> 00:07:13.404
beautiful

00:07:13.436 --> 00:07:14.589
red or sometimes

00:07:14.621 --> 00:07:15.486
even a beautiful

00:07:15.518 --> 00:07:16.703
purple color

00:07:16.735 --> 00:07:17.535
thanks to this

00:07:17.567 --> 00:07:18.208
special

00:07:18.240 --> 00:07:19.829
ingredient.  But

00:07:19.861 --> 00:07:21.067
this also requires

00:07:21.099 --> 00:07:22.210
appropriate weather

00:07:22.241 --> 00:07:23.177
conditions.  You need to

00:07:23.207 --> 00:07:24.393
make sure there was

00:07:24.423 --> 00:07:25.366
enough moisture

00:07:25.396 --> 00:07:26.582
before the start of autumn,

00:07:26.612 --> 00:07:27.402
as well as plenty of

00:07:27.433 --> 00:07:28.406
sunlight.

00:07:28.506 --> 00:07:29.658
Why do some trees not

00:07:29.689 --> 00:07:30.717
change color and

00:07:30.748 --> 00:07:31.932
nothing falls from them?

00:07:32.032 --> 00:07:33.269
True.  These are what we

00:07:33.303 --> 00:07:33.910
call

00:07:33.943 --> 00:07:34.819
evergreen

00:07:34.853 --> 00:07:35.965
trees, hence the

00:07:35.999 --> 00:07:37.115
name.  In essence, these

00:07:37.148 --> 00:07:37.552
trees

00:07:37.586 --> 00:07:38.797
have evolved to

00:07:38.831 --> 00:07:39.571
never

00:07:39.605 --> 00:07:40.715
stop the process of

00:07:40.749 --> 00:07:42.192
photosynthesis.  In winter,

00:07:42.223 --> 00:07:42.800
it

00:07:42.831 --> 00:07:43.925
slows down significantly, but

00:07:43.956 --> 00:07:44.472
never

00:07:44.503 --> 00:07:45.688
stops completely

00:07:45.688 --> 00:07:46.813
, so they don't need to

00:07:46.844 --> 00:07:47.756
shed their leaves or

00:07:47.786 --> 00:07:48.972
change their color.

00:07:49.712 --> 00:07:50.918
With the global

00:07:50.950 --> 00:07:51.997
warming we are

00:07:52.029 --> 00:07:52.854
seeing

00:07:52.886 --> 00:07:53.585
today, how

00:07:55.458 --> 00:07:56.410
might rising global temperatures affect

00:07:56.442 --> 00:07:57.617
leaf color changes?

00:07:57.717 --> 00:07:58.931
True.  The most

00:07:58.963 --> 00:08:00.065
obvious answer

00:08:00.097 --> 00:08:01.105
is that

00:08:01.136 --> 00:08:02.050
the leaves will fall

00:08:02.081 --> 00:08:03.089
much later

00:08:03.121 --> 00:08:03.971
because the heat

00:08:04.003 --> 00:08:05.011
lasts longer.

00:08:05.410 --> 00:08:06.458
If trees could

00:08:06.491 --> 00:08:07.507
choose ideal

00:08:07.540 --> 00:08:08.720
conditions, they would choose a

00:08:08.752 --> 00:08:09.899
gradual decrease in

00:08:09.932 --> 00:08:10.882
temperature, as you

00:08:10.915 --> 00:08:12.030
and I probably do.

00:08:12.192 --> 00:08:13.441
But if the temperature

00:08:13.474 --> 00:08:14.756
drops too quickly,

00:08:14.789 --> 00:08:15.710
say 10–20

00:08:15.743 --> 00:08:17.025
degrees in just a couple of

00:08:17.058 --> 00:08:18.209
days, the trees can

00:08:18.242 --> 00:08:19.425
experience what's called

00:08:19.458 --> 00:08:20.576
shock, causing them to

00:08:20.609 --> 00:08:21.563
simply drop their

00:08:21.596 --> 00:08:22.549
leaves without even

00:08:22.582 --> 00:08:23.799
having time to completely

00:08:23.832 --> 00:08:24.687
change color.

00:08:24.805 --> 00:08:25.650
So why

00:08:25.682 --> 00:08:26.755
do trees decide to shed their

00:08:26.788 --> 00:08:28.041
leaves?  Is this a kind of

00:08:28.073 --> 00:08:29.219
means of survival, something

00:08:29.251 --> 00:08:30.142
they are forced

00:08:30.174 --> 00:08:30.588
to do?

00:08:30.688 --> 00:08:31.571
This is necessary to

00:08:31.601 --> 00:08:32.485
save a lot of

00:08:32.515 --> 00:08:33.582
energy that the tree would have

00:08:33.612 --> 00:08:34.770
spent during the

00:08:34.800 --> 00:08:35.958
winter.  Many people don't

00:08:35.990 --> 00:08:36.872
know, but the leaves

00:08:36.904 --> 00:08:38.046
absorb the vast

00:08:38.079 --> 00:08:39.352
majority of the moisture that

00:08:39.384 --> 00:08:40.730
the tree consumes.  So

00:08:40.730 --> 00:08:42.026
, if the leaves are gone

00:08:42.026 --> 00:08:42.791
, the tree can

00:08:42.825 --> 00:08:43.988
accumulate a lot of

00:08:44.022 --> 00:08:45.319
energy to survive the

00:08:45.352 --> 00:08:46.084
harsh winter.

00:08:46.646 --> 00:08:47.961
Thank you for helping

00:08:47.995 --> 00:08:48.771
us

00:08:48.805 --> 00:08:49.817
delve into this

00:08:49.850 --> 00:08:50.593
interesting topic today.

00:08:57.634 --> 00:08:59.097
Today's story

00:08:59.137 --> 00:09:00.600
deserves a 10 out of

00:09:00.640 --> 00:09:01.850
10. A training program

00:09:01.878 --> 00:09:02.870
in Minneapolis that aims to

00:09:02.898 --> 00:09:04.003
help

00:09:04.031 --> 00:09:04.966
more

00:09:04.995 --> 00:09:05.590
women become

00:09:05.618 --> 00:09:06.270
firefighters.

00:09:06.370 --> 00:09:07.447
We want to encourage

00:09:07.476 --> 00:09:08.314
women to go beyond simply

00:09:08.344 --> 00:09:09.002
meeting

00:09:09.032 --> 00:09:10.339
standards.  We want

00:09:10.339 --> 00:09:11.359
them to break through

00:09:11.393 --> 00:09:12.443
glass ceilings.  We

00:09:12.476 --> 00:09:13.443
want them to

00:09:13.476 --> 00:09:14.676
come and prove that they

00:09:14.709 --> 00:09:15.842
deserve this

00:09:15.875 --> 00:09:17.042
place, because that's what it is.

00:09:17.273 --> 00:09:17.954
According to the

00:09:17.994 --> 00:09:18.956
National

00:09:19.757 --> 00:09:20.879
Fire

00:09:20.919 --> 00:09:22.001
Protection Association, only 9% of

00:09:22.001 --> 00:09:23.564
firefighters in the country are

00:09:23.564 --> 00:09:25.001
women.  And the instructors of

00:09:25.031 --> 00:09:25.786
this program

00:09:25.816 --> 00:09:26.995
are trying to fight the

00:09:27.025 --> 00:09:28.022
stereotype that

00:09:28.052 --> 00:09:28.898
women are not able to

00:09:28.928 --> 00:09:29.925
withstand physical

00:09:29.955 --> 00:09:30.711
exertion.

00:09:30.811 --> 00:09:31.845
When they call 911,

00:09:31.874 --> 00:09:32.678
they are calling for

00:09:32.707 --> 00:09:33.799
help on the worst

00:09:33.827 --> 00:09:34.948
day of their lives, and you

00:09:34.977 --> 00:09:35.954
need to be physically

00:09:35.982 --> 00:09:36.988
prepared to save

00:09:37.017 --> 00:09:38.074
them.  The work of a firefighter is

00:09:38.100 --> 00:09:39.071
extremely physically

00:09:39.098 --> 00:09:40.121
demanding, and we must be

00:09:40.147 --> 00:09:41.125
prepared for it.  You are

00:09:41.154 --> 00:09:42.233
literally doing this

00:09:42.262 --> 00:09:43.342
to save lives.

00:09:43.442 --> 00:09:44.709
Your physical fitness and

00:09:44.741 --> 00:09:45.813
training can

00:09:45.846 --> 00:09:47.048
determine whether

00:09:47.080 --> 00:09:47.503
a person survives.

00:09:48.986 --> 00:09:50.060
Step by step, these

00:09:50.094 --> 00:09:51.203
women prove that

00:09:51.236 --> 00:09:52.412
the desire to help

00:09:52.446 --> 00:09:53.420
people is one of the

00:09:53.453 --> 00:09:54.394
most heroic

00:09:54.428 --> 00:09:56.522
acts.  Okay,

00:09:56.555 --> 00:09:57.753
superstars, I

00:09:57.786 --> 00:09:58.750
only have time for one

00:09:58.784 --> 00:10:00.048
greeting today.

00:10:00.148 --> 00:10:01.355
It's for Miss Little from the

00:10:02.462 --> 00:10:03.704
Juvenile Detention Center in Bon

00:10:03.704 --> 00:10:04.912
Air, Virginia.

00:10:05.220 --> 00:10:06.154
Thank you very much for

00:10:06.187 --> 00:10:07.422
subscribing to our YouTube

00:10:07.422 --> 00:10:08.657
channel, keep up the good work

00:10:08.691 --> 00:10:09.392
.

00:10:09.492 --> 00:10:10.574
I hope you

00:10:10.609 --> 00:10:11.727
all have a wonderful

00:10:11.762 --> 00:10:13.138
day.  Koy will get back

00:10:13.171 --> 00:10:14.484
to you tomorrow.  I'm

00:10:14.542 --> 00:10:16.609
Allison Chinchar and this is

00:10:16.667 --> 00:10:18.069
CNN 10.